S Korea clone scientist convicted

A South Korean court has convicted the disgraced cloning scientist Hwang Woo-suk of fraud over his stem cell research.

He was given a two-year sentence suspended for three years.

The 56-year-old scientist's work had raised hopes of finding cures for diseases such as Alzheimer's.

But his research was declared bogus in 2005, and he was put on trial the following year for embezzlement and accepting money under false pretences.

Hwang's research made him a South Korean hero until revelations that it was false shocked the nation.

"He was guilty of fabrication," the Seoul court said, adding that Hwang illegally diverted a portion of the money he received for research for his personal use.

Prosecutors had demanded a four-year prison term but instead the court suspended his two-year sentence, saying "he has shown he has truly repented for his crime".

Awe, then shock

As soon as his colleagues at Seoul National University had concluded Hwang's work had been "intentionally fabricated", Hwang resigned and apologised.

"I sincerely apologise to the people for creating shock and disappointment," he said, after his fall from grace in 2005.

However he maintained that the science behind his work was sound, and that his country's scientists were still leading the field.

"I emphasise that patient-specific stem cells belong to South Korea and you are going to see this," he said.

The controversy caused shockwaves in South Korea, where the cloning pioneer was once widely considered a national hero.

However, Hwang and his team claimed to have created the world's first dog clone in 2005, an achievement which was independently confirmed.

Since 2002, he received $40m (£23m) in grants from the science and technology ministry alone.

In May 2005, Hwang published a paper in the journal Science, saying his team had extracted material from cloned human embryos that identically matched the DNA of 11 patients.

It was claimed such a technique could be the key to providing personalised cures for diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

But an investigating university panel said that all 11 sets of data were derived from only two stem cell lines.

The panel said it still did not know whether those two stem cell clusters had actually been cloned.

"Based on these findings, data in the 2005 Science journal cannot be regarded as a simple accidental error but as intentional fabrication made out of two stem cells," the investigators said.

"This is a serious wrongdoing that has damaged the foundation of science," it said.

Scandal had earlier erupted when Hwang was forced to step down as chairman of South Korea's World Stem Cell Hub, after admitting that eggs for research were donated by his own female colleagues, in breach of guidelines.

The South Korean government stripped him of the license to carry out stem cell research in 2006, citing "ethical problems".

In his defence, Hwang has denied ordering his researchers to falsify results, saying at least one of them deceived him.

He has also denied he intentionally embezzled research funds, saying that absent-mindedness was to blame for any flawed book keeping.

Hwang still works in animal cloning at a local institute.